Compared to the control group — there is no significant difference in the impact on outcomes for the experimental group (Figure 5). This indicates that acute exercise can significantly reduce the desire to smoke among smokers. These 47 studies comprised a total of 57 RCTs, with five studies each including two RCTs. Upon reading the full texts, six articles were excluded due to intervention methods in the experimental group not involving exercise and 26 articles due to lack of available data.
- Central hemodynamic adjustments are depicted as a change relative to preexercise using arrows.
- Over time, there was no significant difference in tobacco dependence between those who exercised and those who didn’t.
- However, this does not appear to be the case following most forms of aerobic exercise, and it seems fair to say there is no deficit in cardiovascular function for most exercisers after a single bout of aerobic or resistance exercise.
- Acute withdrawal symptoms may begin within just hours of cessation.
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- Figure 5 shows no significant impact difference on outcomes between the experimental and control groups.
- Smokers’ independent quitting is hindered by certain dependencies and side effects of psychological intervention and pharmacotherapy (6).
- Not only does it aid in physical recovery and help manage withdrawal symptoms — but it also promotes clearer thinking and enhances mental stability.

In Substance Use Disorders, the Link Between Exercise and Mental Health…
This section discusses the benefits of short-term exercise for drug abusers on physical fitness, drug craving, quality of life and emotions. Mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence interval , CI95%, were used when the same outcomes are measured in the same methods or units, or vice standardised mean differences (SMD) were calculated, with the respective 95% confidence interval (CI95%). However, as far as we know there is no meta-analyses on the benefits of short-term exercise on craving, negative emotions and quality of life in drug abusers.
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Upon reviewing individual articles (we discovered that excluding Tritter (45) and Taylor (32) led to more consistent samples and reduced methodological differences), suggesting them as main sources of high heterogeneity. We searched PubMed (Web of Science), EBSCO, and Cochrane databases for randomised controlled trials (RCT) about exercise intervention’s effects on drug rehabilitation for drug abusers to select articles. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to update the analysis of short-time exercise’s , 30 mins to 12 weeks, benefits for drug abusers (Yan et al., Citation2019), quantify exercise intervention’s effects on drug craving, emotions, and quality of life, and provide evidence-based treatment and rehabilitation grounds for drug abusers. Contrary to our expectations, no significant behavioral measure differences emerged based on exercise mode. Regarding affective change measures, the PANAS-positive mood score showed no significant difference depending on exercise mode and time point.

